THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

PSYCHOLOGY:
 -the science of behavior and mental processes
 -science: based on research
 -behavior: observation/measurable
 -mental/processes: thinking, dreaming...

 *STABILITY v. CHANGE
 *CONTINUITY v. DISCONTINUITY
 *NATURE v. NURTURE; (biology v. experience)

 ------GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY------
 - observe
 - predict
 - explain
- describe
 - control

 -Socrates and his student, Plato believed that the mind was completely separate from the body, and the mind continued after death.
 -Aristotle said that the soul was the NOT separate from the body and knowledge grows from experiences
 -stress, illness, and abnormal behavior was caused by natural reason and not the supernatural.
 -Descartes believed in soul-body separation, but questioned how the immaterial mind & physical body communicated.

JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704)
-The mind was a blank sheet at birth, experiences wrote on it.

 Mind and Body connected:
 - The Hebrews
- Aristotle
 - Augustine

 Mind and Body are distinct:
 - Socrates
 - Plato
- Descrates

 Ideas are inborn:
- Socrates
- Plato

 Mind is a blank slate:
 - Aristotle
 - Locke

 STRUCTURALISM:
 - first school of psychology
 - broke down mental processes into basic ideas of conscious experiences

 FUNCTIONALISM:
- William James
 - focuses less on the “how?” and more on the “why?”
- emphasizing the process of how the thoughts are formed, changed, and how they adapt.
                         

                                             7 PERSPECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGY:

NEUROSCIENCE:
 - focuses on how the physical body and brain creates emotions, memories, and sensory experience. EVOLUTIONARY:

- Darwinism
 - we behave the way we do because of inherited behaviors
 - those behaviors helped out our ancestors
 PSYCHO-DYNAMIC:
- Sigmund Freud
 - behavior comes from unconscious drives
 - usually comes from childhood
 BEHAVIORAL:
 - observable behaviors
 COGNITIVE:
 - how we think(encode info)
 SOCIAL-CULTURE:
- how your culture affects your behavior
 HUMANISTIC:
 - positive growth
- seeks “self-actualization”